How to Determine Date of Shipment on a Multimodal Bill of Lading?

How to determine date of shipment on a Multimodal Bill of Lading?

Date of shipment is one of the key definitions in a letter of credit transaction. It is used to determine

  • whether shipment made on time or not (in other words a late shipment has been effected or not)
  • whether documents presented within the presentation period or not (in other words a late presentation has been effected or not)
  • maturity date of the time draft
  • maturity date of a deferred payment letter of credit.

Date of shipment can be determined in two ways on a multimodal bill of lading according to the letter of credit rules.

  • In the first scenario we will face a situation where multimodal bill of lading does not contain any date of dispatch, taking in charge or shipped on board notation.
  • In the second scenario we will be having a multimodal bill of lading which contains a date of dispatch, taking in charge or shipped on board notation.

Option 1 => There is no shipped on board or taking in charge notation exists on the multimodal bill of lading:

  • The date of issuance of the multimodal bill of lading will be deemed to be the date of shipment.

Option 2=> Multimodal bill of lading indicates, by stamp or notation, a date of dispatch, taking in charge or shipped on board: Notation date will be deemed to be the date of shipment as specified below:

  • Date of dispatched notation/stamp => this date will be deemed to be the date of shipment
  • Date of taken in charge notation/stamp => this date will be deemed to be the date of shipment
  • Date of shipped on board notation/stamp => this date will be deemed to be the date of shipment

Important Note: Only applies when the notation is in respect of dispatch, taking in charge or shipped on board at the place or port named in the credit for the commencement of the carriage.

Clean on Board Notation on Bills of Lading

clean on board

What is clean on board?

A clean transport document or a “clean on board” clause relates to the condition of the goods and/or packaging.

If, on receipt of the goods, the carrier finds that the packaging or the goods are defective, he will make a notation on the transport document to this effect to avoid being subsequently held responsible for such defect.

Hence, the document is no longer clean, and any objections or claims for damages will have to be directed to the consignor. (1)

If the word “clean” appears on a bill of lading and subsequently it has been deleted, the bill of lading will not be deemed to be claused or unclean unless it specifically bears a clause or notation declaring that the goods or packaging are defective.

Clauses or notations on the bills of lading, which expressly declare a defective condition of the goods or packaging are not acceptable by the letter of credit rules.

Clauses or notations which do not expressly declare a defective condition of the goods or packaging (e.g., “packaging may not be sufficient for the sea journey”) do not constitute a discrepancy.

However, a statement on the transport document declaring that the packaging “is not sufficient for the sea journey” would not be acceptable.

One of my reader is asking below question from Belgium. She is director of a shipping company. She would like to know more about clean on board notations on bills of lading.

We have a persistent shipper who insists to have the word ‘clean’ added before shipped on board in their B/Ls. Have tried to explain that a B/L without clauses/remarks is a clean B/L. Can you refer to a certain part on your website where I can find official explication to convince them ?

Thanks in advance.

director of XYZ Shipping Company

Dear Director,

I can suggest you to inform below UCP 600 article to your shipper.

UCP 600 – Article 27

Clean Transport Document

A bank will only accept a clean transport document. A clean transport document is one bearing no clause or notation expressly declaring a defective condition of the goods or their packaging. The word “clean” need not appear on a transport document, even if a credit has a requirement for that transport document to be “clean on board”.

UCP 600 defines below documents as transport documents :

  • Transport Document Covering at Least Two Different Modes of Transport
  • Bill of Lading
  • Non-Negotiable Sea Waybill
  • Charter Party Bill of Lading
  • Air Transport Document
  • Road, Rail or Inland Waterway Transport Documents
  • Courier Receipt, Post Receipt or Certificate of Posting

References:

  1. Documentary credits in practice, Reinhard Längerich, Second edition – 2009, Published by: Nordea, Page: 146
  2. Shipping and Incoterms, Practice Guide, UNDP Practice Series, Page:12

FIATA FBL (Negotiable FIATA Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading)

Negotiable FIATA Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading

On this post, I will explain Negotiable FIATA Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading, a transport document, only issued by freight forwarders, whom are the members of the FIATA (International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations).

The FBL is an acronym which stands for “Forwarder’s Bill of Lading”, “Fiata Bill of Lading” or “Negotiable FIATA Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading”.

FBL is a one of the oldest and well-known standard transport documents created by FIATA (International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations) for general use of the freight forwarders in international transportation.

FBL has been restricted to use only by FIATA members.

FBL is printed on a blue color paper.

Fiata logo is positioned in the middle of the FBL transport document. ICC logo, which signifies the ICC approval, can be seen on the right up side of the document.

History of FBL:

First FBL was created in year 1975.

Fiata FBL was acknowledged by ICC in 1993, which means that the Negotiable FIATA Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading is entirely in conformity with the UNCTAD/ICC Rules for Multimodal Transport. Since then FBL carries ICC logo.

Terms and conditions of the carriage have been printed on the reverse side of the FBL document under the title of “Standard Trading Conditions Governing FIATA Combined Transport Bills of Lading”. As a result FBL is not a short form or blank back bill of lading.

FBL is a valid transport document according to letter of credit rules, and has been accepted by banks without any problem, as long as it is issued not in conflict with the conditions stated in respective articles of UCP 600 such as article 19, 20 or 21.

Why Exporters and Importers Use a FBL?

The main reason to use a FBL would be working with a freight forwarder instead of a carrier.

FBL issued by the freight forwarders in the capacity of contractual carriers. They usually sign FBL transport document “as carrier”.

What are the Main Characteristics of a FBL Transport Document?

  1. FBL includes a contract of carriage and it is a valid transport document according to the letter of credit rules.
  2. FBL will be issued in a negotiable form as the consignee part of the Fiata multimodal transport bill of lading includes pre-printed “consigned to order of” phrase. Exporters must be very careful with last leg of the transportation in regards to negotiability of the FBL. If the last leg of the transportation is not ended at sea, the FBL document may not be considered as a negotiable instrument.
  3. FBL transport document can be used not only in multimodal transportation, but also single mode port-to-port sea or land shipments.
  4. The copyrights of FBL document is owned by FIATA. Only Fiata member freight forwarders could use FBL standard format multimodal bill of lading.
  5. FBL is entirely in conformity with the UNCTAD/ICC Rules for Multimodal Transport Documents and is approved by ICC.

What are the differences between a FBL (Negotiable FIATA Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading) and a Shipping Line Bill of Lading (SLBL)?

  1. A Shipping Line Bill of Lading (SLBL) or carrier’s bill of lading is issued by the carrier or its agent on behalf of the carrier. SLBL generally printed on the letterhead of the shipping line. On the reverse side of the SLBL the terms and conditions of carriage of the shipping line are incorporated. This is the best bill of lading option for the beneficiary, the applicant and the banks that enter letter of credit transaction.
  2. A Negotiable FIATA Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading (FBL) which is also known as Fiata Bill of Lading or Forwarder’s Bill of Lading, is “issued” by a freight forwarder. FBL should be printed on the standard form Fiata FBL format incorporating Fiata and ICC logos. “Standard Trading Conditions Governing FIATA Combined Transport Bills of Lading” has been printed on the reverse side of the FBL. FBL signed by the freight forwarder, as carrier.

Sample Form of a Negotiable Fiata Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading

Negotiable FIATA Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading

Multimodal Bill of Lading

multimodal bill of lading

Multimodal transportation is the movement of one unit load from origin to destination by several methods or transportation under one document without breaking up the unit load.

A very good example of a multimodal transportation is that containers loaded in continental Europe travel by train to Rotterdam, then ship on a vessel to Dar Es Salaam, then are delivered inland in Tanzania by truck. (Source: UNDP Shipping and Incoterms Practice Guide, Page: 6)

Multimodal bill of lading is a transport document that is evidencing more than one mode of transport, one of which is typically by sea shipment, although it is not required.

Bill of lading for combined transport is another name of the multimodal bill of lading.

MMBL (Multimodal Bill of Lading) or MMTD (Multimodal Transport Document) are the most frequently used abbreviations.

Types of Multimodal Transport Documents:

Multimodal bills of lading can be classified under two main types: multimodal transport bill of lading and through bill of lading.

types of multimodal bill of lading

Multimodal Transport Bills of Lading: These types of multimodal bills of lading are issued by a multimodal transport operator and mostly printed on FIATA (International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations) standard pre-printed form.

Multimodal transport operator (MTO) means any person who concludes a multimodal transport contract and assumes responsibility for the performance thereof as a carrier for the whole journey.

Through Bills of Lading: Through Bills of Lading are virtually identical to the Multimodal Transport Bills of lading but with one major difference.

The Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading is issued by the Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO) (shipping lines, freight forwarders, NVOCC Operators) who takes responsibility of the goods (e.g. shortages, losses, damages) during the entire period of transport, thus not only for the sea passage but also for the other transport modes as well.

The Through Bill of Lading is issued by the sea carrier but the carrier states on the contract of carriage that he is only responsible of the goods for that part of the carriage he takes care of, such as the sea passage only. (Source : www.maritimeknowhow.com )

How to Use Multimodal Bill of Lading in Letters of Credit Transactions:

The rules related to the multimodal bill of lading can be found under article 19 of UCP 600.

A transport document covering at least two different modes of transport (multimodal or combined transport document), however named, must appear to:

  1. indicate the name of the carrier and be signed by:
    • the carrier or a named agent for or on behalf of the carrier, or
    • the master or a named agent for or on behalf of the master.
  2. indicate that the goods have been dispatched, taken in charge or shipped on board at the place stated in the credit.
  3. indicate the place of dispatch, taking in charge or shipment and the place of final destination stated in the credit,
  4. be the sole original transport document or, if issued in more than one original, be the full set as indicated on the transport document.
  5. contain terms and conditions of carriage or make reference to another source containing the terms and conditions of carriage (short form or blank back transport document).
  6. contain no indication that it is subject to a charter party. (Source : UCP 600)

Special Hints Regarding the Multimodal Bill of Lading From ISBP (International Standard Banking Practice):

  • In all places where the term “multimodal transport document” is used within this document, it also includes the term combined transport document.
  • A document need not be titled “Multimodal transport document” or “Combined transport document” to be acceptable under UCP 600 article 19, even if such expressions are used in the credit.
  • If a credit requires presentation of a transport document covering transportation utilizing at least two modes of transport … the transport document must not indicate that shipment or dispatch has been effected by only one mode of transport.

Multimodal Bill of Lading Example:

You can find a multimodal bill of lading example below, that is evidencing a soybean shipment from USA to Japan.

multimodal bill of lading example

Above multimodal bill of lading evidencing both road and sea transportation. It is most probably issued by a freight forwarder, because of the fact that the transport document has been signed “As CARRIER”.

Multimodal Bill of Lading Discrepancies

multimodal bill of lading discrepancies

Multimodal transportation is the movement of one unit load from origin to destination by several methods or transportation under one document without breaking up the unit load.

The development of container traffic has made this possible, as containers can travel from end to end without being opened/unloaded/reloaded during the course of the journey.

The advantage for those who make use of multimodal transportation is that they have one document only for the whole operation and that the operator is legally responsible for a satisfactory overall performance by his own staff and by the agents or branches that he is employing.(1)

Multimodal bill of lading is the transport document that covers at least two different modes of transport.

On this page you can find most common discrepancies related to the multimodal bills of lading under the letters of credit transaction.

Multimodal Bill of Lading Discrepancies

Important Definitions Regarding the Multimodal Bill of Lading under Latest Letter of Credit Rules:

  • According to latest UCP 600 letter of credit rules a multimodal bill of lading should not bear any indication that it is subject to charter party.
  • All original multimodal bills of lading printed by the carrier must be presented to the bank by the beneficiaries.
  • It is hard to prevent a transshipment in a multimodal transportation as a result even letter of credit prohibits transshipment multimodal bill of lading can state ‘Transshipment may/will take place.”
  • Multimodal bill of lading should be regarded as a negotiable transport document like a bill of lading if the last mode of shipment in the entire journey is completed by sea transportation.
  • More than one notify parties could be stated in a multimodal bill of lading.
  • ‘To Order’ or ‘To the order of shipper’ means that multimodal bill of lading should be endorsed by the shipper as per letter of credit instructions.

References:

  1. Shipping and Incoterms, Practice Guide, UNDP Practice Series, Page: 6

Multimodal Bill of Lading Does Not Cover At Least Two Different Modes of Transport Discrepancy

Multimodal Bill of Lading Does Not Cover At Least Two Different Modes of Transport Discrepancy

A transport document covering at least two different modes of transport is regarded as a multimodal bill of lading according to the letter of credit rules.

If the letter of credit asks for a multimodal bill of lading or a combined bill of lading, however named, the transport document which will be presented by the beneficiary must be covering at least two different modes of transport.

It is worth mentioning that the title of the transport document is irrelevant according to the letter of credit rules.

The transport document presented needs not to be titled “Multimodal bill of lading” or “Combined bill of lading” or words of similar effect even when the credit so names the required document.

The important point is the content of the transport document not the title.

Single Modes of Transport Examples:

Sample 1 : Shipment Effected From Melbourne Port, Australia to Port of Guangzhou, China

single mode of transport example 1

  • Transport Document Title: Multimodal Bill of Lading
  • Port of Loading: Port Melbourne, Australia
  • Port of Discharge: Port of Guangzhou, China

Only sea shipment has been effected.

This is a port to port marine bill of lading not a multimodal bill of lading.

 

Sample 2 : Shipment Effected From Changi Airport, Singapore to Narita Airport, Tokyo

Changi Airport, Singapore to Narita Airport, Tokyo

  • Transport Document Title : Combined Bill of Lading
  • Airport of Departure: Changi Airport, Singapore
  • Airport of Destination: Narita Airport, Tokyo

Only air shipment has been effected.

This transport document can be treated as an air waybill not a combined bill of lading.

 

Multimodal Transport Examples:

Sample 1 : Multimodal Shipment Effected via Land and Sea Shipments 

Multimodal Shipment Effected via Land and Sea Shipments Transport Document Title: Multimodal Bill of Lading
Place of Receipt: Zurich, Switzerland
Port of Loading: Port of Genoa, Italy
Port of Discharge: Jeddah Islamic Port, KSA

Land and sea shipment has been effected together.

This is a multimodal bill of lading.

If the issuing bank finds out that single mode of transport effected on the multimodal bill of lading, then the issuing bank will issue a discrepancy, which is known as multimodal bill of lading does not cover at least two different modes of transport.

Letter of Credit Discrepancy Example: Multimodal Bill of Lading Does Not Cover At Least Two Different Modes of Transport

A letter of credit has been issued in SWIFT format, subject to UCP latest version, with the following details:

Letter of Credit Conditions

Field 44A: Place of Taking in Charge/Dispatch from …/Place of Receipt: Durban, South Africa

Field 44B: Place of Final Destination/For Transportation to …/Place of Delivery: Utrecht, Holland

Field 46A: Documents Required: Full set of multimodal transport document marked freight collect made out to order of Amsterdam Trade Bank marked notify applicant indicating that the goods have been dispatched, taken in charge or loaded on board.

The beneficiary presented a combined bill of lading with the following data:

Multimodal Bill of Lading

Port of Loading: Port Of Durban, South Africa

Port of Discharge: Rotterdam Port, Holland

Discrepancy: Multimodal bill of lading does not show at least two different modes of transport. Only sea transportation has been effected.

Reason for Discrepancy: A multimodal transport document must be covering at least two different modes of transport.

The essence of multimodal transport document is that it is evidencing at least two different modes of transport.

As an example, the multimodal bill of lading can show dispatch from an inland point, such as a road transportation from an inland point to the port of loading located in the country of export, and then consequent shipment by sea from port of loading to the port of discharge.

or any other combinations of different delivery places, so that at least two different modes of transport is utilized.

Unclean Multimodal Bill of Lading Presented Discrepancy

Unclean Multimodal Bill of Lading Presented Discrepancy

Banks accept only clean transport documents.

Banks do not accept any unclean transport document such as unclean bill of lading, unclean multimodal bill of lading, unclean charter party bil of lading, unclean road transport document, unclean air transport document, unclean sea waybill etc.

Letter of credit rules define clean transport document as follows: “A clean transport document is one bearing no clause or notation expressly declaring a defective condition of the goods or their packaging.”

There are two important points about the clean transport documents subject that everyone must know.

The first important point is that the word “clean” need not appear on a transport document, even if a credit has a requirement for that transport document to be “clean on board”.

The second important point is that only express clauses or notations on the transport documents would make them unclean.

If transport document is not to include a clause that expressly declare a defective condition of the goods or their packaging, then it is accepted as a clean transport document.

Sample Clauses That Make a Transport Document Unclean:

• Packaging is not sufficient for the sea journey
• Goods which improperly stored at the port of loading have been shipped on board partially wet and not in good condition.

Let us try to understand the subject with an example as below:

Letter of Credit Discrepancy Example: Unclean Multimodal Transport Document Presented Discrepancy

A letter of credit has been issued in SWIFT format, subject to UCP latest version, with the following details:

Letter of Credit Conditions

Field 45A: Description of Goods and or Services: Furniture and Equipment

Field 46A: Documents Required: Full set of clean on board multimodal transport document marked freight collect made out to order of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia marked notify applicant indicating that the goods have been dispatched, taken in charge or loaded on board.

The beneficiary presented a multimodal transport bill of lading with the following clause:

Container is not properly closed and sealed, overloaded and packaging is not sufficient for the sea journey.

Multimodal Bill of Lading

Unclean multimodal bill of lading

Discrepancy: Unclean multimodal bill of lading presented.

Reason for Discrepancy: A bank will only accept a clean transport document. A clean transport document is one bearing no clause or notation expressly declaring a defective condition of the goods or their packaging.

Place of Receipt Different than the Letter of Credit Discrepancy

Place of Receipt on a Multimodal Bill of Lading Different than the Letter of Credit Discrepancy

Multimodal bill of lading is a type of transport document, that is used when the shipment covers at least two different modes of transport.

On a typical multimodal bill of lading, there are 4 different places exist in regards to delivery of goods:

  1. Place of Receipt: is the place where the goods are received from the shipper by the carrier, or its agent
  2. Port of Loading: is the place where the goods are received for marine transport by the Carrier
  3. Port of Discharge: is the place where the goods are to be discharged from the vessel
  4. Place of Delivery: is the place where the goods are delivered by the carrier to the buyer

According to the letter of credit rules, the multimodal bill of lading must indicate that goods have been taken in charge at the place stated in the letter of credit, by either a pre-printed wording or by a notation indicating the date on which the goods have been taken in charge.

If the issuing bank finds out that the place of receipt on the multimodal bill of lading is inconsistent with the letter of credit terms, then the issuing bank will issue a discrepancy, which is known as place of receipt different than the letter of credit.

Letter of Credit Discrepancy Example: Place of Receipt Different Than the Letter of Credit on the Multimodal Bill of Lading 

A letter of credit has been issued in SWIFT format, subject to UCP latest version, with the following details:

Letter of Credit Conditions

Field 44A: Place of Taking in Charge/Dispatch from …/Place of Receipt: SAO PAULO, BRAZIL

Field 44E: Port of Loading/Airport of Departure: SANTOS PORT, BRAZIL.

Field 44F: Port of Discharge/Airport of Destination: PORT OF FELIXSTOWE, UNITED KINGDOM

Field 44B: Place of Final Destination/For Transportation to …/Place of Delivery: IP1 3EE PINEWOOD, IPSWICH, UNITED KINGDOM

Field 46A: Documents Required: Full set of combined transport document issued by a shipping company marked freight collect made out to order of HSBC BANK marked notify applicant indicating that the goods have been dispatched, taken in charge or loaded on board.

The beneficiary presented a combined bill of lading with the following data:

Multimodal Bill of Lading

Field 44A: Place of Taking in Charge/Dispatch from …/Place of Receipt: RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

Port of Loading: SANTOS PORT, BRAZIL

Port of Discharge: PORT OF FELIXSTOWE, UNITED KINGDOM

Place of Final Destination: IP1 3EE PINEWOOD, IPSWICH, UNITED KINGDOM

multimodal bill of lading place of receipt discrepancy

Discrepancy: Multimodal bill of lading shows a place of receipt different than the letter of credit.

Reason for Discrepancy: A multimodal bill of lading must indicate that goods have been dispatched or taken in charge at the place stated in the letter of credit.

Description of Goods on the Multimodal Bill of Lading is Inconsistent Discrepancy

Description of Goods on the Multimodal Bill of Lading is Inconsistent Discrepancy in Letters of Credit

According to the letter of credit rules, the commercial invoice must contain a description of goods, which corresponds to that indicated in the credit.

Other documents may or may not contain a description of goods.

If a document other than the commercial invoice, such as a bill of lading, packing list, certificate of origin, multimodal bill of lading etc., bears a description of goods, this should be in general terms but not inconsistent with that shown in the credit.

What everyone needs to know about the description of goods on a multimodal bill of lading is that the description of goods on a multimodal bill of lading can be indicated in general terms as long as it is not inconsistent with other documents and the letter of credit itself.

If the issuing bank finds out that the description of goods on the multimodal bill of lading is inconsistent with the letter of credit terms, then the issuing bank will issue a discrepancy, which is known as inconsistent description of goods.

Letter of Credit Discrepancy Example: Description of Goods is Inconsistent on the Multimodal Bill of Lading

A letter of credit has been issued in SWIFT format, subject to UCP Latest Version, with the following details:

Letter of Credit Conditions

Field 45-A: Description of Goods: Cocoa Powder (PCPN)

Field 46A: Documents Required: Full set of multimodal or combined transport document however named consigned to the order of Belfius Bank SA, notify applicant showing freight prepaid.

The beneficiary presented a multimodal bill of lading with the following data:

Multimodal Bill of Lading

Description of Goods: Second Quality Cocoa Powder

Discrepancy: Multimodal bill of lading shows a description of goods inconsistent with the letter of credit and other documents.

Letter of Credit Discrepancy Example: Description of Goods is Inconsistent on the Multimodal Bill of Lading

Reason for Discrepancy: Description of goods on the multimodal transport document may be shown in general terms not in conflict with that stated in the credit.

Notify Different Than Letter of Credit Discrepancy

Notify Different Than Letter of Credit Discrepancy

Notify party is the institution, to whom the shipping company informs the arrival of the cargo.

A transport document covering at least two different modes of transport is regarded as a multimodal bill of lading according to the letter of credit rules.

The notify party field on the multimodal bill of lading can be completed mainly in 2 different ways.

  1. In most cases, the notify party is the applicant or the importer on the multimodal bill of lading.
  2. In some rare occasions, the applicant and the issuing bank are both required to be stated as notify parties on the multimodal bills of lading.

The notify party field can be seen on the following transport documents : Bill of lading, multimodal bill of lading, charter party bill of lading, sea waybill, air transport document (air waybill), road transport document (CMR) and rail transport document etc.

If the issuing bank finds out that the notify party field of a multimodal bill of lading has not been completed as per letter of credit terms, then the issuing bank will issue a discrepancy, which is known as notify party different than the letter of credit.

Letter of Credit Discrepancy Example: Notify Party Different Than Letter of Credit on a Multimodal Bill of Lading

A letter of credit has been issued in SWIFT format, subject to UCP Latest Version, with the following details:

Letter of Credit Conditions

Field 50: Applicant: Al Ghazali Sons Trading Co P.O. Box No. 3268, Alkhobar 31771 Saudi Arabia. Fax: (03) 8962022 Tel: (03) 8773344

Field 46A: Documents Required: Full set of ‘clean on board’ multimodal bill of lading issued by Applicant’s Forwarder M/S. Fast Transocean Intl. Ltd., issued to the order of Banque Saudi Fransi, Alkhobar, marked ‘freight collect’ and notify applicant, evidencing shipment from any port in Spain to Dammam Port, Saudi Arabia.

The multimodal bill of lading must show the name, address and telephone number of shipping agent at the port of discharge.

The beneficiary presented a multimodal bill of lading with the following data:

Multimodal Bill of Lading

Consignee: To the order of Banque Saudi Fransi, Alkhobar

Notify: Al-Bingazhi Trading Co. Ltd. P.O. Box No. 3118, Riyad 31551 Saudi Arabia. Fax: (03) 8964042 Tel: (03) 8775544

multimodal bill of lading notify party discrepancy

Discrepancy: Multimodal bill of lading shows a notify company which is different than what is required in the letter of credit.

Reason for Discrepancy: If a letter of credit states the details of notify parties such as company name and address, a multimodal transport document may also indicate the details of notify party.